print("Mosh Hamedani")  # 字符串变量，用`‘`或`“`都可以；
print('o----')
print(' ||||')
print('*'*10)   # *10就是乘以搞10个，很形象

price = 10  # 整数int
rating = 4.9  # 浮点float
name = 'Mosh'   # 字符串string
is_published = False  # 布尔bool，为True或False，首字母大写；

full_name = 'John Smith'
age = 20
is_new = True

name = input('What is your name? ')
print('Hi ' + name)   # 字符串连接

name = input('What is your name? ')
favorite_color = input('What is your favorite color? ')
print(name + ' likes ' + favorite_color)

int()
float()
bool()
str()
type()

birth_year = input('Birth year: ')
age = 2022 - birth_year
print(age)

birth_year = input('Birth year: ')
print(type(birth_year))
age = 2022 - int(birth_year)
print(type(age))
print(age)

weight_lbs = input('Weight (lbs): ')
weight_kg = float(weight_lbs) * 0.45
print(weight_kg)

course = "Python's Course for Beginners"
print(course)

course = 'Python for "Beginners"'
print(course)

course = """
Hi John

Here is out first email to you.

Thank you,
The support team

"""
print(course)

course = 'Python for Beginners'
#         0123456789
print(course[0])
print(course[1])
print(course[-1])
print(course[-2])
print(course[0:3])
print(course[1:])
print(course[:5])
print(course[:])
print(course[1:-1])

first = 'John'
last = 'Sminth'
message = first + ' [' + last + '] is a coder'
msg = f'{first} [{last}] is a coder'
print(message)
print(msg)

course = 'Python for Beginners'
print(len(course))
print(course)
print(course.upper())
print(course.lower())
print(course.title())
print(course.find('o'))
print(course.find('0'))
print(course.find('Beginners'))
print(course.replace('Beginners','Absolute Beginners'))
print(course.replace('P','J'))
print('Python' in course)
print(course)

course = 'Python for Beginners'
len(course)
course.upper()
course.lower()
course.title()
course.find()
course.replace()
'...' in course

print(10 / 3)
print(10 // 3)
print(10 % 3)
print(10 ** 3)
x = 10
x = x + 3
print(x)
x += 3
print(x)
x -= 3
print(x)

x = 10 +3 *2
print(x)
x = 10 +3 *2 ** 2
print(x)
x = (10 +3) *2 ** 2
print(x)
x = (2 +3) *10 - 3
print(x)

x = 2.1
print(round(x))  # 取整
print(abs(-x))   # 绝对值
import math
print(math.ceil(x))  # 向上取整
print(math.floor(x)) # 向下取整

is_hot = False
is_cold = False
if is_hot:
    print("It's a hot day" )
    print("Drink plenty of water")
elif is_cold:
    print("It's a cold day")
    print("Wear warm clothes")
else:
    print("It's a lovely day")
print("Enjoy your day")

price = 1000000
has_good_credit = False

if has_good_credit:
    down_payment = 0.1 * price
else:
    down_payment = 0.2 * price
print(f"Down payment:{down_payment}")

has_high_income = True
has_good_credit = True
has_criminal_record = False

if has_high_income and has_good_credit and not has_criminal_record:
    print("Eligible for loan")

temperature = 30
if temperature > 30:
    print("it's a hot day")
else:
    print("It's not a hot day")

name = "J"
print(len(name))
if len(name) < 3:
    print("Name must be at least 3 character")
elif len(name) >50:
    print("Name must be a maximum of 50 character")
else:
    print("Name looks good!")

weight = input("Weight: ")
lbs_or_kg = input("(L)bs or (k)g: ")
if lbs_or_kg.upper() == "L":
    print(f"You are {float(weight)*0.45} kilos")
elif lbs_or_kg.upper() == "K":
    print(f"You are {float(weight)/0.45} pounds")

i = 1
while i <= 5:
    print("*" * i)
    i += 1
print("Done")

secrets_number = 9
guess_count = 0
guess_limit = 3
while guess_count < guess_limit:
    guess =int(input("Guess: "))
    guess_count += 1
    if guess == secrets_number:
        print("You win")
        break
else:
    print("Sorry,you failed")

command = ""
started = False
while True:  #while command !=quit作用一样
    command = input(">").lower()
    if command == "help":
        print(""" 
start - to start the car
stop - to stop the car
quit - to exit
        """)
    elif command == "start":
        if started:
            print("Car is already started")
        else:
            started = True
            print("Car started...")
    elif command == "stop":
        if not started:
            print("Car is already stopped.")
        else:
            started = False
            print("Car stopped")
    elif command == "quit":
        break
    else:
        print("sorry,I don't understand that")

for item in "Python":
    print(item)
for item in ["Mosh",'John','Samzz']:
    print(item)
for item in [1,2,3,4]:
    print(item)
for item in range(10):
    print(item)
for item in range(5,10):
    print(item)
for item in range(5,10,2):
    print(item)

prices = [10,20,30]
total = 0
for price in prices:
    total += price
print(f"Total: {total}")

for x in range(4):
    for y in range(3):
        print(f"({x},{y})")

numbers = [5,2,5,2,2]
for x in numbers:
    output = ""
    for y in range(x):
        output = output + "x"
    print(output)

names = ['John','Bob','Sam','Jack','lisa','Google']
print(names)
print(names[0])
print(names[1])
print(names[-1])
print(names[1:])
print(names[1:3])
print(names[:])
names[0] = 'Joh'
print(names)

numbers = [1,9,2,5,7,8,0,7,11,87,99,43,12,41]
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
    if number > max :
        max = number
print(max)

matrix = [
    [1,2,3],
    [4,5,6],
    [7,8,9]
]
print(matrix)
matrix[0][2] = 30
print(matrix[0][2])
print(matrix[0])

matrix = [
    [1,2,3],
    [4,5,6],
    [7,8,9]
]
for row in matrix:
    print(row)
    for item in row:
        print(item)

numbers = [3,4,5,8,5,4]
numbers.append(20)  # 末尾增加
print(numbers)
numbers.insert(0,10)  # 指定位置插入
print(numbers)
numbers.remove(8)   # 删除指定值，只能删除第一个
print(numbers)
numbers.pop()     # 删除末尾
print(numbers)
print(numbers.index(3)) # 索引内容不在列表中会出错，可以用下面的in
print(50 in numbers)  # 索引返回布尔值
print(numbers.count(5))  # 计数
numbers.sort()  # 排序，由小到大
print(numbers)
numbers.reverse() # 反序
print(numbers)
numbers.clear()   # 清除值
print(numbers)

numbers = [2,2,4,6,3,4,6,1]
uniques = []
for number in numbers:
    if number not in uniques:
        uniques.append(number)
print(uniques)

numbers = (2,4,6,1,2)
print(numbers[1])
print(numbers.count(2)) # 计数
print(numbers.index(1)) # 索引

numbers = [1,2,3]
x,y,z = numbers
print(x,y,z)  # 不是必须一起打印，单个打印也没问题

customer ={
    "name": "Sam Zz",
    "age": 36,
    "is_man" : True
}
print(customer)  # 注意显示方式
print(customer["name"])    # 取值，取不存在的值会报错
print(customer.get("name"))  # get取值
print(customer.get("birthday"))   # get取到不存在的值返回none
print(customer.get("birthday","123"))  # 第二个值是默认值，当get取值存在时返回取值，当get取值不存在时返回默认值，但不改变原有字典
print(customer)
customer["name"]="Jack Smith" # 修改值
print(customer["name"])
customer["birthdate"]="Jan 1 1980"  # 没有的值则为添加
print(customer)

phone = input("Phone: ")
digits_mapping = {
    "1":"One",
    "2":"Two",
    "3":"Three",
    "4":"Four",
    "5":"Five",
    "6":"Six",
    "7":"Seven",
    "8":"Eight",
    "9":"Nine",
    "0":"Zero"
}
output = ""
for ch in phone:  # 字符串的for简直不要太好用
    output += digits_mapping.get(ch,"!") + " "  # 这里的!是，如果输入字符不在字典里就输出默认值!，巧妙；更巧妙的是!=后面还能加，优秀
print(output)

message = input(">")  # 输入的是字符串，要先分拆，按空格分割比较科学
words = message.split(' ')  # 分拆函数，按照空格分割并存储为列表，牛鼻牛鼻
print(words)        # 验证拆分
emojis = {  # 映射表情字符的字典
    ":)": "😁",
    ":(": "😒"
}
output = ""
for word in words:
    output += emojis.get(word, word) + " "  # 此处又牛鼻了，get取数，不存在的值设默认值为原值
print(output)

def greet_user():  # 定义函数
    print("Hi there!")
    print("Welcome aboard")


# pep8的代码规范是在函数后要空两行
print("Start")
greet_user()  # 调用函数
print("Finish")

def greet_user(name):  # 函数增加一个参数
    print(f"Hi {name}!")
    print("Welcome aboard")


print("Start")
greet_user("Samzz") # 调用函数必须带参数的值，否则出错
greet_user("Jack")
print("Finish")

def greet_user(first_name,last_name):
    print(f"Hi {first_name} {last_name}!")
    print("Welcome aboard")


print("Start")
greet_user("Sam","Zz")
greet_user("Jack","Chen")
print("Finish")

def greet_user(first_name,last_name):
    print(f"Hi {first_name} {last_name}!")
    print("Welcome aboard")


print("Start")
greet_user("Sam",last_name="Zz") # 位置参数和关键字参数混合使用必须位置参数在前，如位置参数在关键字参数后会报错
greet_user(first_name="Jack",last_name="Chen") # 全部使用关键字参数
print("Finish")

def square(number):
    return (number * number)


print(square(3))

def emoji_converter (message):
    words = message.split(' ')
    emojis = {
        ":)": "😁",
        ":(": "😒"
    }
    output = ""
    for word in words:
        output += emojis.get(word, word) + " "
    return output

message = input(">")
print(emoji_converter(message))

age = int (input('Age: '))
print(age)

try:
    age = int (input('Age: '))
    print(age)
except ValueError:
    print('Invalid value')

try:
    age = int (input('Age: '))
    risk = 1/age
    print(age)
except ValueError:
    print('Invalid value')

try:
    age = int (input('Age: '))
    risk = 1/age
    print(age)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print('Age cannot be 0.')
except ValueError:
    print('Invalid value.')

# 一个#一个空格开始注释

class Point:
    def move(self):
        print('move')
    def draw(self):
        print('draw')
        
        
point1 = Point()
point1.x = 10
print(point1)
print(point1.x)
point1.draw()

class Point:
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
    def move(self):
        print('move')
    def draw(self):
        print('draw')


point1 = Point(10,20)
print(point1.x)

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
    def talk(self):
        print(f'Hi, I am {self.name}')


john = Person('John Smith')
john.talk()
samzz = Person('Sam Zz')
samzz.talk()

class Mammal:
    def walk(self):
        print('walk')


class Dog(Mammal):  # 类的继承，继承了父类的函数
    def bark(self):    # 继承后定义自己的函数
        print('bark')


class Cat(Mammal):   # 类的继承
    pass

dog1 = Dog()
dog1.bark()  
dog1.walk()
cat1 = Cat()
cat1.walk()

def lbs_to_kg(weight):
    return weight * 0.45


def kg_to_lbs(weight):
    return weight / 0.45

import converters  # 全部导入

print(converters.kg_to_lbs(70))  # 使用函数的方法.

from converters import kg_to_lbs  # 导入其中函数

print(kg_to_lbs(70))  # 直接使用函数

def find_max(numbers):
    #
    max = numbers[0]
    for number in numbers:
        if number > max :
            max = number
    return (max)

import utils

numbers = [1, 9, 2, 5, 7, 8, 0, 7, 11, 87, 99, 43, 12, 41]
print(utils.find_max(numbers))

from utils import find_max

print(find_max(numbers))

def calc_shipping():
    print('calc_shipping')

import ecommerce.shipping
ecommerce.shipping.calc_shipping()

from ecommerce.shipping import calc_shipping
calc_shipping()

from ecommerce import shipping
shipping.calc_shipping()

import random


for i in range(3):
        print(random.random())  # 生成随机数

for i in range(3):
    print(random.randint(10,20))  #10-20间随机数

numbers = ['Sam','John','Mary','Jack']
leader = random.choice(numbers) # 列表里随机选择
print(leader)

import random


class Dice:
    def roll(self):
        first = random.randint(1, 6)
        second = random.randint(1, 6)
        return first, second


dice = Dice()
print(dice.roll())

from pathlib import Path

path = Path()
print(path.glob('*.py'))

from pathlib import Path

path = Path()
for file in path.glob('*.py'):
    print(file)

import pathlib

path = pathlib.Path()
for file in path.glob('*.py'):
    print(file)

import openpyxl as xl # 别名，方便使用
wb = xl.load_workbook('transactions.xlsx') # load文件
sheet = wb['Sheet1'] 

print(sheet.cell(1,1).value)  #一种方法
cell = sheet['b1']  #单元格
cell1 = sheet.cell(1,3)  #单元格
print(cell.value)  #打印单元格值
print(cell1.value)
print(sheet.max_row) #最大行
print(sheet.min_row)
print(sheet.max_column)  #最大列
print(sheet.min_column)

import openpyxl as xl
wb = xl.load_workbook('transactions.xlsx')
sheet = wb['Sheet1']

# 输出表里price的值
for row in range(2,sheet.max_row+1):
    cell =sheet.cell(row,3)
    print(cell.value)

import openpyxl as xl

wb = xl.load_workbook('transactions.xlsx')
sheet = wb['Sheet1']
# 输出C2-C4的位置到cell，cell的值*0.9给到new_price，保存到D2-D4
for row in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
    cell = sheet.cell(row, 3)
    new_price = cell.value * 0.9
    new_price_cell = sheet.cell(row, 4)
    new_price_cell.value = new_price

wb.save('t.xlsx')  # 写入文件

import openpyxl as xl
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart,Reference

wb = xl.load_workbook('transactions.xlsx')
sheet = wb['Sheet1']
# 输出C2-C4的位置到cell，cell的值*0.9给到new_price，保存到D2-D4
for row in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
    cell = sheet.cell(row, 3)
    new_price = cell.value * 0.9
    new_price_cell = sheet.cell(row, 4)
    new_price_cell.value = new_price
    
values = Reference(sheet,
                   min_row=2,
                   max_row=sheet.max_row,
                   min_col=4,
                   max_col=4)
chart = BarChart()
chart.add_data(values)
sheet.add_chart(chart,'e2')

wb.save('t.xlsx')  # 写入文件

import openpyxl as xl
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference


def process_workbook(filename):
    wb = xl.load_workbook(filename)
    sheet = wb['Sheet1']
    # 输出C2-C4的位置到cell，cell的值*0.9给到new_price，保存到D2-D4
    for row in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
        cell = sheet.cell(row, 3)
        new_price = cell.value * 0.9
        new_price_cell = sheet.cell(row, 4)
        new_price_cell.value = new_price

    values = Reference(sheet,
                       min_row=2,
                       max_row=sheet.max_row,
                       min_col=4,
                       max_col=4)
    chart = BarChart()
    chart.add_data(values)
    sheet.add_chart(chart, 'e2')

    wb.save(filename)  # 写入文件

process_workbook('transactions2.xlsx')